By Jason Stuart
Ranger-Review Staff Writer
A dearth of rainfall over the last several weeks in the Yellowstone River’s headwaters and upstream tributary basins has brought the river to near historic low levels, impacting businesses from agricultural producers to public utility companies.
As of Friday morning, the National Weather Service’s river gauge recorded a river level of 42.24 feet in Glendive. That level ranks as the seventh lowest on record in Glendive.
At Miles City, the river is even lower. The river gauge there recorded a level of 2.46 feet Friday morning. That ranks as the second lowest reading ever recorded in Miles City. The all-time record low was 2.2 feet, set in December 1949.
More noteably in Glendive, the river’s flow rate was recorded at 2,950 cubic feet per second on Friday, the lowest measurement for that date in 30 years, according to the United States Geological Survey. The 30-year average flow rate for the Yellowstone River on Aug. 5 at Glendive is 10,200 cfs.
All along the river, flows are at or near historic lows, from Yellowstone National Park to the confluence with the Missouri River. Upstream of Billings, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks has placed “hoot owl” fishing restrictions on the Yellowstone, as well as several of its major tributaries. Some upstream tributaries have been closed to fishing altogether.
On the lower Yellowstone, anglers have little to worry about, as unlike trout, the warmwater fish species inhabiting this stretch of the river don’t suffer when water temperatures rise as the level drops.
But for irrigators and a major public utility, the impacts are palpable.
James Brower, manager of the Lower Yellowstone Irrigation Project, was out at the Intake diversion dam Friday morning with a rocking crew placing more rock atop the dam. It was the second time this week the LYIP was out placing rock on the dam.
“We rocked Monday, but the water dropped low enough since then that we had to come back out here and add more rock so we could have enough water to get our water right,” Brower said.
Todd Tibbetts, president of the Buffalo Rapids Irrigation District No. 1, said the district’s irrigation pumps are humming along, but the low water levels do place added stress on them.
“The lower that the water level gets to the pumps, they have to suck much harder and they lose performance,” Tibbetts said. “It just makes things a little harder.”
Tibbetts noted that Buffalo Rapids has some equipment they can put out in the river to divert more water to their pumps when the river reaches critically low levels. He said they haven’t had to do so yet, but are standing by and ready for the possibility.
“It’s definitely been an issue for any farmer pumping out of the river now,” Tibbetts said. “We haven’t seen water levels this low in quite some time. It definitely poses some real challenges. The farmers are getting water, but it’s creating some issues.”
Further downstream in Sidney, the low water levels forced Montana-Dakota Utilities to completely shut down their Lewis and Clark Power Plant on Thursday afternoon. The water level is so low that the plant’s intakes in the river were starting to suck air, which MDU spokesman Mark Hanson said could damage the plant’s equipment.
Hanson noted that neither he nor anyone else at MDU can recall any previous time that the plant had to be shut down due to low water levels in the Yellowstone.
Sidney area MDU customers aren’t currently being affected, as Hanson noted the company has other sources of power they’ve been able to reroute to the community for the time being. However, MDU has made an emergency authorization request to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to bring in additional pumps on shore with intake hoses run out deeper into the river channel in hopes of getting the plant back online as soon as possible.
“Long term, it could create issues, but in the short term, we have ways we can work around it,” Hanson said of the plant being down.
One important river water user not being impacted is the City of Glendive. Assistant Public Works Director Pete Leath said that fortunately, the intake to the city’s water treatment plant is situated in a deep channel some 14 feet below the surface.
“Thank goodness that’s true,” Leath said. “We’re real fortunate that way that we have an intake structure that’s quite a ways down.”
The reason why the river is so low is simple, according to Tanya Fransen, meteorologist in charge of the weather service’s Glasgow reporting station. Rainfall along the river’s upper reaches and upper tributary basins has been scant, especially over the last couple of months. Billings, she noted as an example, had its driest June on record this year, falling over 3 inches short of normal rainfall for the month.
“So that’s a problem,” Fransen said. “Pretty much anything south of the Yellowstone River has been below 90 percent (of normal precipitation) and there are even a few places that are in the 25 to 50 percent of normal range over the last two months.”
That situation has worsened over the last two weeks, Fransen noted, especially at the river’s headwaters.
“There are places in Yellowstone National Park over the last two weeks that haven’t even seen 10 percent of normal rainfall,” she said. “The last two weeks are the telling picture, because we haven’t had a lot of precipitation in the basin.”
The river is a little better off at Glendive than other gauge locations simply because from Dawson County to the east, rainfall has been much more plentiful, adding water to the river via local creeks and other smaller tributaries. Glendive just had its 11th wettest July on record, and Fransen noted that Glasgow, as another example, is some 200 percent above their normal precipitation level for the year to date.
“We are feeding the basin from Miles City into North Dakota,” she said.
And as a further silver lining, Fransen said the weather service doesn’t expect the Yellowstone to get much lower than it already is.
“The good news is the six to 10 day and eight to 14 day climate outlooks do show above normal precipitation across Eastern Montana,” Fransen said. “I don’t see things worsening a whole lot. Overall, for the river, it should be returning eventually to more of a normal flow.”
Reach Jason Stuart at rrreporter@rangerreview.com.